Showing posts with label The Three Caballeros (1944/5). Show all posts
Showing posts with label The Three Caballeros (1944/5). Show all posts
Friday, February 27, 2009
Some Concluding Thoughts on The Three Caballeros
While I confess to some concern about making a "dud" selection, as week after week passed with few voices choosing to engage the film, I must say that the overall conversation -- between the comments and the posts -- has proven quite gratifying.
Indeed, as Chris noted in his post, my choice to offer this as a FOTMC selection derived from my interest in hearing others comment on the film as a film. I've done the kind of research on these films that Marc mentions as possibly necessary, including days and days screening the various versions in different languages released to specific markets as well as reviewing -- and producing -- variously overheated cultural studies prose about the films as ideological texts or historical documents. Yet none of that has helped me to make sense of this film as a film.
I'm gratified that some FOTMC folks have found the film(s) compelling, and not especially surprised that others have found them less than interesting. That said, I find that I'm pondering a set of questions about our disparate ways "in" to a film.
First, I wonder about the "auteur" question that Peter raised -- which I understood to be the idea that this film was multiply authored and thus defies conventional "auteurist" approaches to cinematic analysis, which presuppose a singular vision as a defining feature of cinematic composition -- and its application to Disney, or any animated production. Indeed, Walt Disney was always what we might call a "corporate" filmmaker. (I'm using the term "corporate" here in its ensemble sense, or a group of people perceived to act as a singular entity.) Though Disney himself did draw, animate, envoice, direct and produce certain productions; very early on, he "farmed" out much of the labor. So, in some ways, it seems the case of Disney also tests our limits in contemplating as an intrinsically collaborative -- indeed, "corporate" -- medium.
Second, I find that I'm wondering if the film makes more sense when considered as "experimental cinema." The value FOTMC commentators seem to have found in the film seems more in that tradition of cinema criticism, than in either film history or in more auteurist approaches. (My own background is as a cultural historian who approaches a broad array of popular culture texts through the lens of performance studies/theory, so I'm fairly unschooled in "experimental cinema" as a tradition.)
Finally, I'm struck -- after our fairly energetic consideration of such issues within Bad Influence -- of the relative absence of commentary about "taste" in the film. A number of commentators, perhaps more than any previously chosen film, professed that Disney and/or animation more generally were just "not their cup of tea". I wonder, then, how such issues of "taste" inform the the shaping of critical vocabulary more generally.
Thanks, everyone, for being game for this/my characteristically off-kilter choice for February's Film Club. Even though the conversation wasn't huge, I found everyone's contributions clarifying to my approach to the film. What's more -- I always thought that "real" film studies types would know just what to make of this defiantly odd film. I'm now relieved to learn that it's not just me who's both completely flummoxed (and also quite fascinated) by this wackadoo little movie.
Friday, February 20, 2009
Quick Questions for the FOTMC about The Three Caballeros
Does the fact that this film, The Three Caballeros, is not in any way an auteur film (in this case, I simply mean "authored" from one [or 2] mind[s]) make it harder to find an approach in which to discuss it?
I am asking because this might be the first time we've had a film of this kind as the film of the month. How does the ambiguity of its intentions and sources affect your view of it?
It is a tremendously interesting work, but it is not stimulating much discussion. And I guess I am just trying to figure out why.
I am asking because this might be the first time we've had a film of this kind as the film of the month. How does the ambiguity of its intentions and sources affect your view of it?
It is a tremendously interesting work, but it is not stimulating much discussion. And I guess I am just trying to figure out why.
Thursday, February 12, 2009
What Fascinates Me
Thanks to Brian for the fascinating pick this month. He alludes to the fascination these films hold for cultural studies and film studies scholars as ideological texts. I haven't delved into those readings yet, but I was struck by a trope that Peter's post gets at: the feminization of Latin America. The Three Caballeros (US, Brazil, Mexico) of course are the key powers in the Western hemisphere that the Good Neighbor policy sought to align. By figuring Latin America as feminine, the film implied a masculine paternalist role for the US. It legitimizes the Monroe Policy in the World War II world stage.
But Brian's post asks how we begin to understand the film as film. I'd suggest a few areas that fascinated me watching Three Caballeros. First, abstraction. Disney films of this period could often veer away from representation proper into a play with visual and aural elements. And its approach to representation in general showed a visual inventiveness. My favorite moments tended to be the most purely abstract ones:
Second, the blend of live action and animation. Normally, I'm not a fan of the blend (maybe bad 70s examples soured me as a child), but I loved the interplay between the two spaces here. Shadows, for instance, could reflect from real objects onto drawn ones...

... and in the process make the three-dimensional live-action person look flat and unreal. Or, shadows could be cast from the animated characters onto a live action space...



... and in the process make the three-dimensional live-action person look flat and unreal. Or, shadows could be cast from the animated characters onto a live action space...


Finally, I was interested in the film's use of optical printing. For instance, there are several moments of freeze frame:
But particularly striking are the rain-wipes that create dazzling watercolor-y effects.
These effects interest me because they show a greater Hollywood lexicon of effects in the mid-40s, but also because they take effects with fairly conventionalized use in live-action films and give them a different function in the animated film, either more playful or more expressive.
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
"Doggone This Confusion!"

I suppose if I were more familiar with Disney's early output, especially Fantasia, I would be less impressed by The Three Caballeros. But as it happens, I came into this viewing knowing very little about the evolution of animation and was kind of pleasantly shocked at the cinematic imagination on display here. I'm wondering if the initial obligations to the OCIAA removed, or in the least lessened, certain obligations to narrative and even stylistic coherence, thereby freeing up the minds and artists at work here to really give us something special, for the most part.
It has such a wildly playful and insanely free-form style that its almost hard to watch. I'd be very interested to know what kids think of it. I was trying to imagine what it would be like to watch it as a child. It's funny to me that Disney tried to promote it to an adult audience by highlighting the "beauties" and the Latin music, because, in a way, I think it might be completely acceptable only to a child's sensibility. (I don't partake, but, I imagine it is also perhaps one of the great movies to watch while high)







These sequences go on for so long and are so obsession-filled, that it strikes me as hilarious that there would be a sense that this was keeping in line with the idea that it intended to "cultivate good will" with these other American republics. One walks away from the film with the impression that one of the major reasons to head down south, if not the main reason, is for the girls.

(Title of post is from a line Donald Duck says as he is being teased by girls. A line I would never have deciphered had it not been for subtitles)
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Introducing The Three Caballeros (1944/5), or What Exactly Is This That We're Watching?
I write to welcome the Film of the Month Clubbers to the relatively short film I've chosen for this, the shortest month of February.
The Three Caballeros is the second of two films that Walt Disney developed as part of a brief producing partnership with the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA), led by Nelson Rockefeller. Put simply, as part of the U.S. State Department between 1940 and 1944, the OCIAA sought to utilize U.S. cultural production (film, radio, and live performance as well as journalism in all media) to cultivate good will
among the "other American republics" in the Western Hemisphere and, in so doing, to counter any potential inroads made by Italian or German filmmakers. With the financial and diplomatic support of the OCIAA and the U.S. State Department, Walt Disney and several of his key directors and animators traveled to selected South and Central American countries (including Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Brazil) in 1941. The purpose of this trip was to develop material for a projected series of films aimed toward cultivating pan-American affinities and promoting cooperation against European propagandistic incursions. The first resulting film -- the 42-minute featurette Saludos Amigos (1942/3) -- intersperses four animated shorts with documentary footage gathered on that trip. With additional financial support from OCIAA, Disney's team took another trip in 1943, this time to Mexico. Drawing upon material from both trips, Disney developed The Three Caballeros (1944/5) -- a more thoroughly animated feature, which folds the live-action footage into the animated spectacle following a narrative throughline featuring Disney's popular Donald Duck character as he meets two new characters, a Brazilian parrot José Carioca (originally introduced in Saludos Amigos and a Mexican rooster Panchito (making his character debut in this film). Released in 1944/5, The Three Caballeros arrived to theatres just as the OCIAA's operation as a semi-autonomous division within the U.S. State Department was ending and also as the popularity of such "Good Neighbor" era cultural projects was on the wane. Perhaps as a result, as film historian Eric Smoodin has noted, the Disney company promoted the film's blend of live-action and animation to an adult audience by emphasizing the array of Latin American beauties featured in the film and underscoring the film's extensive use of popular "Latin" musical styles. Though still listed commercially as among the "Disney Classics," neither Saludos Amigos nor The Three Caballeros have really entered the Disney canon, nor have the array of animated characters introduced within these films become especially iconic.
In the last several decades, a handful of scholars (in cultural studies as well as cinema studies) have found the films interesting as documents of this peculiar historical moment of explicit cooperation between the U.S. culture industry and the U.S. federal government. Perhaps as a result, much of the existing scholarship addressing Disney's "Good Neighbor" films emphasize them as "ideological objects," texts whose cultural interest derives from their "artefactual" status. And, while I find such "ideological" explications of these films to be intellectually enlightening and often quite entertaining, I yet wonder whether these films -- especially 1945's The Three Caballeros -- hold additional interest as "cinematic artefacts." What might yet be said about these films as films?
So, Film of the Month Clubbers, what do you see when you look at Walt Disney's The Three Caballeros? What do you think we're looking at when we're taking in the spectacular incoherences, absurdities and phantasmagorias of this film? Put another way, what the f*** do you think is going on in this curiosity from the Disney vault?

-- Brian (aka StinkyLulu)
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